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up-to-the-minute technology

Толкование Перевод

1 up-to-the-minute technology

новейшая технология

e-beam technology — электронно-лучевая технология

extracting technology — экстракционная технология

glass technology — технология производства стекла

high-waste technology — высокоотходная технология

marine technology — технология морских разработок

English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > up-to-the-minute technology
2 up-to-the minute technology

Техника: новейшая технология

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > up-to-the minute technology
3 up-to-the-minute technology

1) Механика: новейшая технология

2) Автоматика: новейшая техника

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > up-to-the-minute technology
4 up-to-the-minute technology

новейшая технология

Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению > up-to-the-minute technology
5 up-to-the-minute technology

1) новейшая технология

2) новейшая техника

English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > up-to-the-minute technology
6 up-to-the minute technology

новейшая технология

English-Russian dictionary of telecommunications > up-to-the minute technology
7 up-to-the-minute

adj. хамгийн сүүлийн үеийн, нэн шинэ. \up-to-the-minute technology хамгийн сүүлийн үеийн технологи.

English-Mongolian dictionary > up-to-the-minute
8 up-to-the-minute

adj. attr. 1. најнов; up-to-the-minute information on sth најнови/последни податоци за нешто

2. најсовремен, најнов: up-to-theminute technology најсовремена технологија

English-Macedonian dictionary > up-to-the-minute
9 technology

1. техника

first-class technology — первоклассная техника

measurement technology — измерительная техника

software technology — техника программирования

technology assessment — прогноз развития техники

an innovation in technology — новшество в технике

2. технология

dry technology — сухая технология

saw technology — технология резки

H-MOS technology — H-MOS- технология

basic technology — базовая технология

low technology — несложная технология

3. специальная терминология

drop-on-demand ink-jet technology — технология струйной печати с дозированием краски

4. технология получения электрофотографического изображения

high-waste technology — высокоотходная технология

marine technology — технология морских разработок

packaging technology — тароупаковочная технология

reactor technology — технология ядерных реакторов

refrigeration technology — холодильная технология

5. электрофотографическая техника

graphic arts technology — технология полиграфического производства, технология полиграфических процессов

imaging technology — технология обработки изображений; технология формирования изображений

laser technology — лазерная техника

maser technology — мазерная техника

the age of technology — век техники

exchange technology — техника обмена

rocket technology — ракетная техника

6. технология микрофильмирования

e-beam technology — электронно-лучевая технология

extracting technology — экстракционная технология

glass technology — технология производства стекла

robotics technology — роботизированная технология

up-to-the-minute technology — новейшая технология

7. микрофильмовая техника

newspaper dispatch technology — технология экспедирования газет

newsprint technology — технология производства газетной бумаги

nonsilver microfilm technology — технология микрофильмирования на бессеребряных материалах

photocomposition technology — технология фотонабора

automation technology — автоматизированная техника

shipbuilding technology — судостроительная техника

technology of payment mechanism — техника расчётов

the revolution in technology — революция в технике

deep ocean technology — техника глубоководных работ

8. полиграфическая технология

metal technology — технология металлов

assembly technology — технология сборки

me-too technology — рутинная технология

nuclear technology — ядерная технология

technology exchange — обмен технологией

9. технология печатания

process technology — технология производственных процессов, технология обработки

innovative technology — новая технология

planar technology — планарная технология

rolling technology — технология прокатки

technology branch — отделение технологии

drawing technology — технология волочения

English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > technology
10 technology

1) технология; технические приёмы

2) техника; технические средства

3) технические знания; технический опыт, систематизированный технический опыт

4) техническая терминология

•

- actuation technology
- actuator technology
- advanced manufacturing technology
- aggregate technology
- AI-based robotics technology
- assembly technology
- audiovisual technology
- automatic eddy current technology
- automation technology
- automative technology
- CAD/CAM technology
- CADCAM technology
- CAM technology
- capacitance technology
- capacitance-sensing technology
- CBN grinding technology
- cell manufacturing technology
- CIM-based technology
- CIMIS technologies
- CNC technology
- communication technology
- computer-aided technology
- computer-driven technology
- control technology
- conveyance technologies
- cutoff sawing technology
- cutting edge technology
- cutting machine tool technology
- cutting technology
- cutting tool technology
- digital eddy current technology
- digital imaging technology
- digital technology
- DNC technology
- eddy current technology
- electroheat technology
- electronic technology
- enabling technology
- engineering technology
- enterprise management technology
- fabricating technology
- fast-developing control technology
- field-proven technology
- five-axis technology
- flexible manufacturing technology
- FMS technology
- force-based technology
- framework technology
- gear processing technology
- generative NC technology
- group technology
- image expansion technology
- industrial automation technologies
- information management technology
- information technology
- innovative technology
- insert technology
- inspection technology
- instructional technologies
- instrumentation technology
- knowledge processing technology
- laser strip technology
- laser stripe technology
- laser surface modification technology
- laser technology
- laser-gaging technology
- leading-edge technology
- lighting technology
- locomotive technologies
- machine control technology
- machine tool control technology
- machine tool technology
- machining technology
- mainstream manufacturing technology
- manufacturing technology
- materials technology
- material-specific cutting technology
- mature technology
- measurement technology
- mechanical technology
- mechanical-engineering technology
- microprocessor technology
- moire technology
- monitoring technology
- multiple laser technology
- NC machining technology
- NC technology
- near-term technology
- networking technology
- numerical control process technology
- open system technology
- open systems technology
- pattern-recognition technology
- precision engineering technology
- probing technologies
- process technology
- processing technology
- production technology
- remote control technology
- robot technology
- robotics technology
- RP technology
- saw technology
- sensing technology
- sensor technology
- sheet metal working technology
- silicon integrated-circuit technology
- silicon technology
- solid state technology
- standard-product technologies
- support technology
- surface-mount technology
- swarf-monitoring technology
- telepresence technology
- telerobotic technology
- time study-based technology
- time-of-flight technology
- tried-and-true technology
- turning technology
- ultrasonic technology
- underlying technology
- unmanned turning technology
- up-to-the-minute technology
- vacuum technology
- vision technology
- workstation technology

English-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > technology
11 minute

I [maɪ'njuːt] adj
search drobiazgowy; amount minimalny

in minute detail — z najdrobniejszymi szczegółami
II ['mɪnɪt] n
minuta f; ( fig) minu(t)ka f

it is five minutes past three — jest pięć (minut) po trzeciej

wait a minute!, just a minute! — chwileczkę!

up-to-the-minute — news najświeższy; machine, technology najnowszy, najnowocześniejszy

at the last minute — w ostatniej chwili

- minutes

* * *
I ['minit] noun
1) (the sixtieth part of an hour; sixty seconds: It is twenty minutes to eight; The journey takes thirty minutes; a ten-minute delay.) minuta

2) (in measuring an angle, the sixtieth part of a degree; sixty seconds: an angle of 47° 50′ (= forty-seven degrees, fifty minutes).) minuta

3) (a very short time: Wait a minute; It will be done in a minute.) chwila

4) (a particular point in time: At that minute, the telephone rang.) moment

5) ((in plural) the notes taken at a meeting recording what was said: The chairman asked for this decision to be recorded in the minutes.) protokół

•

- minute hand
- the minute that
- the minute
- to the minute
- up to the minute II adjective
1) (very small: The diamonds in the brooch were minute.) drobny, malutki

2) (paying attention to the smallest details: minute care.) drobiazgowy

•

- minutely
- minuteness

English-Polish dictionary > minute
12 stroke

stroke [strəʊk]

1 noun

(a) (blow, flick) coup m;

∎ with a stroke of the whip d'un coup de fouet;

∎ with a stroke of the brush d'un coup de pinceau;

∎ with a stroke of the pen d'un trait de plume;

∎ a stroke of lightning un coup de foudre;

∎ they were given fifty strokes ils ont reçu cinquante coups de fouet

(b) Sport (in golf, tennis, cricket, billiards) coup m; (in swimming → movement) mouvement m des bras; (→ style) nage f; (in rowing → movement) coup m d'aviron; (→ technique) nage f;

∎ she swam across the river with quick strokes elle traversa rapidement la rivière à la nage;

∎ the Oxford team rowed at 25 strokes to the minute l'équipe d'Oxford ramait à une cadence de 25 coups à la minute;

∎ to keep stroke garder la cadence;

∎ also figurative to set the stroke donner la cadence;

∎ to put sb off his stroke (in rowing) faire perdre sa cadence ou son rythme à qn; (in golf) faire manquer son coup à; figurative faire perdre tous ses moyens à qn;

∎ to be off one's stroke ne pas être au mieux de sa forme;

∎ figurative to put sb off his/her stroke déconcerter qn

(c) (mark → from pen, pencil) trait m; (→ from brush) trait m, touche f; (on letters, figures) barre f; Typography (oblique dash) barre f oblique;

∎ written with thick/thin strokes écrit d'une écriture appuyée/fine;

∎ British 225 stroke 62 225 barre oblique 62

(d) (piece, example → of luck) coup m; (→ of genius, wit) trait m;

∎ a stroke of luck un coup de chance;

∎ by a stroke of luck, she had remembered to take the key par chance, elle avait pensé à prendre la clé;

∎ it was a stroke of brilliance! c'était un coup de génie!;

∎ British she didn't do a stroke (of work) all day elle n'a rien fait de la journée

(e) (of clock, bell) coup m;

∎ on the stroke of midnight sur le coup de minuit;

∎ on the stroke of 6 à 6 heures sonnantes ou tapantes;

∎ he arrived on the stroke il est arrivé à l'heure exacte ou précise;

∎ British Telecommunications at the third stroke it will be 6.32 precisely au troisième top, il sera exactement 6h32

(f) Medicine attaque f (d'apoplexie);

∎ to have a stroke avoir une attaque

(g) (in rowing) chef m de nage;

∎ to row stroke être chef de nage, donner la nage

(h) Technology (of piston) course f;

∎ two-/four-stroke engine un moteur à deux/quatre temps

(i) (caress) caresse f;

∎ she gave the cat a stroke elle a caressé le chat

(j) familiar (compliment) compliment m flatteur^□

2 transitive verb

(a) (caress) caresser;

∎ he stroked her hand il lui caressait la main;

∎ she stroked the piano keys with her fingers elle caressait les touches du piano;

∎ to stroke sb's ego caresser qn dans le sens du poil

(b) (in rowing)

∎ to stroke a boat être chef de nage, donner la nage

(c) Sport (ball) frapper

(d) American familiar (flatter) passer de la pommade à

3 intransitive verb

(in rowing) être chef de nage, donner la nage

4 at a stroke, at one stroke adverb

d'un seul coup

►► American very familiar stroke magazine magazine m de cul;

stroke play (in golf) partie f par coups;

stroke rate (in rowing) cadence f de nage

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > stroke
13 Floyer, Sir John

SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology

[br]

b. 3 March 1649 Hints, Warwickshire, England

d. 1734 Lichfield, Staffordshire, England

[br]

English physician, pioneer in the measurement of pulse and respiration rate.

[br]

The younger son of a landed Midlands family, Floyer embarked on medical studies at Oxford at the age of 15 and graduated in 1674. He returned to Lichfield where he resided and practised, as well as being acquainted with the family of Samuel Johnson, for the remainder of a long life. Described by a later biographer as "fantastic, whimsical, pretentious, research-minded and nebulous", he none the less, as his various medical writings testify, became a pioneer in several fields of medical endeavour. It seems likely that he was well aware of the teachings of Sanctorius in relation to measurement in medicine and he probably had a copy of Sanctorius's weighing-machine made and put to use in Lichfield.

He also embarked on extensive studies relating to pulse, respiration rate, temperature, barometric readings and even latitude. Initially he used the minute hand of a pendulum clock or a navigational minute glass. He then commissioned from Samuel Watson, a London watch-and clockmaker, a physicians' pulse watch incorporating a second-hand and a stop mechanism. In 1707 and 1710 he published a massive work, dedicated to Queen Anne, that emphasized the value of the accurate measurement of pulse rates in health and disease.

His other interests included studies of blood pressure, asthma, and the medical value of cold bathing. It is of interest that it was at his suggestion that the young Samuel Johnson was taken to London to receive the Royal Touch, from Queen Anne, for scrofula.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Knighted 1686.

Bibliography

1707–10, The Physicians Pulse Watch, 2 vols, London.

Further Reading

D.D.Gibb, 1969, 'Sir John Floyer, M.D. (1649–1734), British Medical Journal.

MG

Biographical history of technology > Floyer, Sir John
14 turn

turn [tɜ:n]

tourner ⇒ 1A (a), 1B (a), 1B (d), 1C (d), 2 (a), 2 (b), 2 (f) faire tourner ⇒ 1A (a) retourner ⇒ 1B (a) changer ⇒ 1C (a) faire devenir ⇒ 1C (a) se tourner ⇒ 2 (a) se retourner ⇒ 2 (b) devenir ⇒ 2 (d) se changer ⇒ 2 (e) tour ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (d), 3 (f), 3 (g) tournant ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c) virage ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c) tournure ⇒ 3 (d)

1 transitive verb

A.

(a) (cause to rotate, move round) tourner; (shaft, axle) faire tourner, faire pivoter; (direct) diriger;

∎ she turned the key in the lock (to lock) elle a donné un tour de clé (à la porte), elle a fermé la porte à clé; (to unlock) elle a ouvert la porte avec la clé;

∎ turn the wheel all the way round faites faire un tour complet à la roue;

∎ Cars to turn the (steering) wheel tourner le volant;

∎ turn the knob to the right tournez le bouton vers la droite;

∎ turn the knob to "record" mettez le bouton en position "enregistrer";

∎ she turned the oven to its highest setting elle a allumé ou mis le four à la température maximum;

∎ she turned her chair towards the window elle a tourné sa chaise face à la fenêtre;

∎ he turned the car into the drive il a engagé la voiture dans l'allée;

∎ we turned our steps homeward nous avons dirigé nos pas vers la maison;

∎ turn your head this way tournez la tête de ce côté

(b) figurative (change orientation of)

∎ she turned the conversation to sport elle a orienté la conversation vers le sport;

∎ their votes could turn the election in his favour leurs voix pourraient faire basculer les élections en sa faveur;

∎ he would not be turned from his decision to resign il n'y a pas eu moyen de le faire revenir sur sa décision de démissionner;

∎ nothing would turn the rebels from their cause rien ne pourrait détourner les rebelles de leur cause;

∎ you've turned my whole family against me vous avez monté toute ma famille contre moi;

∎ we turned his joke against him nous avons retourné la plaisanterie contre lui;

∎ let's turn our attention to the matter in hand occupons-nous de l'affaire en question;

∎ she turned her attention to the problem elle s'est concentrée sur le problème;

∎ to turn one's thoughts to God tourner ses pensées vers Dieu;

∎ research workers have turned the theory to practical use les chercheurs ont mis la théorie en pratique;

∎ how can we turn this policy to our advantage or account? comment tirer parti de cette politique?, comment tourner cette politique à notre avantage?;

∎ to turn one's back on sb tourner le dos à qn;

∎ she looked at the letter the minute his back was turned dès qu'il a eu le dos tourné, elle a jeté un coup d'œil à la lettre;

∎ how can you turn your back on your own family? comment peux-tu abandonner ta famille?;

∎ she turned her back on her friends elle a tourné le dos à ses amis;

∎ to turn one's back on the past tourner la page, tourner le dos au passé;

∎ she was so pretty that she turned heads wherever she went elle était si jolie que tout le monde se retournait sur son passage;

∎ success had not turned his head la réussite ne lui avait pas tourné la tête, il ne s'était pas laissé griser par la réussite;

∎ all their compliments had turned her head tous leurs compliments lui étaient montés à la tête ou lui avaient tourné la tête;

∎ to turn the tables on sb reprendre l'avantage sur qn;

∎ figurative now the tables are turned maintenant les rôles sont renversés

B.

(a) (flip over → page) tourner; (→ collar, mattress, sausages, soil, hay) retourner;

∎ the very thought of food turns my stomach l'idée même de manger me soulève le cœur;

∎ to turn sth on its head bouleverser qch, mettre qch sens dessus dessous;

∎ recent events have turned the situation on its head les événements récents ont retourné la situation

(b) (send away)

∎ he turned the beggar from his door il a chassé le mendiant;

∎ they turned the poachers off their land ils ont chassé les braconniers de leurs terres

(c) (release, let loose)

∎ he turned the cattle into the field il a fait rentrer le bétail dans le champ

(d) (go round → corner) tourner

(e) (reach → in age, time) passer, franchir;

∎ I had just turned twenty je venais d'avoir vingt ans;

∎ she's turned thirty elle a trente ans passés, elle a dépassé le cap de la trentaine;

∎ it has only just turned four o'clock il est quatre heures passées de quelques secondes

(f) (do, perform) faire;

∎ the skater turned a circle on the ice la patineuse a décrit un cercle sur la glace;

∎ to turn a cartwheel faire la roue

(g) (ankle) tordre;

∎ I've turned my ankle je me suis tordu la cheville

C.

(a) (transform, change) changer, transformer; (make) faire devenir, rendre;

∎ to turn sth into sth transformer ou changer qch en qch;

∎ bitterness turned their love into hate l'amertume a transformé leur amour en haine;

∎ she turned the remark into a joke elle a tourné la remarque en plaisanterie;

∎ they're turning the book into a film ils adaptent le livre pour l'écran;

∎ the sight turned his heart to ice le spectacle lui a glacé le cœur ou l'a glacé;

∎ Stock Exchange you should turn your shares into cash vous devriez réaliser vos actions;

∎ time had turned the pages yellow le temps avait jauni les pages

(b) (make bad, affect)

∎ the lemon juice turned the milk (sour) le jus de citron a fait tourner le lait

(c) American Commerce (goods) promouvoir la vente de; (money) gagner;

∎ to turn a good profit faire de gros bénéfices;

∎ he turns an honest penny il gagne sa vie honnêtement;

∎ familiar he was out to turn a fast buck il cherchait à gagner ou faire du fric facilement

(d) Technology (shape) tourner, façonner au tour;

∎ a well-turned leg une jambe bien faite;

∎ figurative to turn a phrase faire des phrases

2 intransitive verb

(a) (move round → handle, key, wheel) tourner; (→ shaft) tourner, pivoter; (→ person) se tourner;

∎ to turn on an axis tourner autour d'un axe;

∎ the crane turned (through) 180° la grue a pivoté de 180°;

∎ the key won't turn la clé ne tourne pas;

∎ he turned right round il a fait volte-face;

∎ they turned towards me ils se sont tournés vers moi ou de mon côté;

∎ they turned from the gruesome sight ils se sont détournés de cet horrible spectacle;

∎ turn (round) and face the front tourne-toi et regarde devant toi

(b) (flip over → page) tourner; (→ car, person, ship) se retourner;

∎ figurative the smell made my stomach turn l'odeur m'a soulevé le cœur

(c) (change direction → person) tourner; (→ vehicle) tourner, virer; (→ luck, wind) tourner, changer; (→ river, road) faire un coude; (→ tide) changer de direction;

∎ turn (to the) right (walking) tournez à droite; (driving) tournez ou prenez à droite;

∎ Military right turn! à droite!;

∎ we turned towards town nous nous sommes dirigés vers la ville;

∎ he turned (round) and went back il a fait demi-tour et est revenu sur ses pas;

∎ the road turns south la route tourne vers le sud;

∎ the car turned into our street la voiture a tourné dans notre rue;

∎ we turned onto the main road nous nous sommes engagés dans ou nous avons pris la grand-route;

∎ we turned off the main road nous avons quitté la grand-route;

∎ Stock Exchange the market turned downwards/upwards le marché était à la baisse/à la hausse;

∎ figurative I don't know where or which way to turn je ne sais plus quoi faire

(d) (with adj or noun complement) (become) devenir;

∎ it's turning cold il commence à faire froid;

∎ the weather's turned bad le temps s'est gâté;

∎ the argument turned nasty la dispute s'est envenimée;

∎ she turned angry when he refused elle s'est mise en colère quand il a refusé;

∎ to turn red/blue virer au rouge/bleu;

∎ he turned red il a rougi;

∎ a lawyer turned politician un avocat devenu homme politique;

∎ to turn professional passer ou devenir professionnel;

∎ the whole family turned Muslim toute la famille s'est convertie à l'islam

(e) (transform) se changer, se transformer;

∎ the pumpkin turned into a carriage la citrouille s'est transformée en carrosse;

∎ the rain turned to snow la pluie s'est transformée en neige;

∎ the little girl had turned into a young woman la petite fille était devenue une jeune femme;

∎ their love turned to hate leur amour se changea en haine ou fit place à la haine

(f) (leaf) tourner, jaunir; (milk) tourner;

∎ the weather has turned le temps a changé

3 noun

(a) (revolution, rotation) tour m;

∎ he gave the handle a turn il a tourné la poignée;

∎ give the screw another turn donnez un autre tour de vis;

∎ with a turn of the wrist avec un tour de poignet

(b) (change of course, direction) tournant m; (in skiing) virage m;

∎ to make a right turn (walking) tourner à droite; (driving) tourner ou prendre à droite;

∎ take the second turn on the right prenez la deuxième à droite;

∎ no right turn (sign) défense de tourner à droite;

∎ figurative at every turn à tout instant, à tout bout de champ

(c) (bend, curve in road) virage m, tournant m;

∎ there is a sharp turn to the left la route fait un brusque virage ou tourne brusquement à gauche

(d) (change in state, nature) tour m, tournure f;

∎ the conversation took a new turn la conversation a pris une nouvelle tournure;

∎ it was an unexpected turn of events les événements ont pris une tournure imprévue;

∎ things took a turn for the worse/better les choses se sont aggravées/améliorées;

∎ the patient took a turn for the worse/better l'état du malade s'est aggravé/amélioré;

∎ the situation took a tragic turn la situation a tourné au tragique

(e) (time of change)

∎ at the turn of the year vers la fin de l'année;

∎ at the turn of the century au tournant du siècle

(f) (in game, order, queue) tour m;

∎ it's my turn c'est à moi, c'est mon tour;

∎ whose turn is it? (in queue) (c'est) à qui le tour?; (in game) c'est à qui de jouer?;

∎ it's his turn to do the dishes c'est à lui ou c'est son tour de faire la vaisselle;

∎ you'll have to wait your turn il faudra attendre ton tour;

∎ they laughed and cried by turns ils passaient tour à tour du rire aux larmes;

∎ to take it in turns to do sth faire qch à tour de rôle;

∎ let's take it in turns to drive relayons-nous au volant;

∎ we took turns sleeping on the floor nous avons dormi par terre à tour de rôle;

∎ turn and turn about à tour de rôle

(g) (action, deed)

∎ to do sb a good/bad turn rendre service/jouer un mauvais tour à qn;

∎ he did them a bad turn il leur a joué un mauvais tour;

∎ I've done my good turn for the day j'ai fait ma bonne action de la journée;

∎ proverb one good turn deserves another = un service en vaut un autre, un service rendu en appelle un autre

(h) familiar (attack of illness) crise f, attaque f;

∎ she had one of her (funny) turns this morning elle a eu une de ses crises ce matin

(i) familiar (shock)

∎ you gave me quite a turn! tu m'as fait une sacrée peur!, tu m'as fait une de ces peurs!;

∎ it gave me such a turn! j'ai eu une de ces peurs!

(j) old-fashioned (short trip, ride, walk) tour m;

∎ let's go for or take a turn in the garden allons faire un tour dans le jardin

(k) (tendency, style)

∎ to have an optimistic turn of mind être optimiste de nature ou d'un naturel optimiste;

∎ he has a strange turn of mind il a une drôle de mentalité;

∎ to have a good turn of speed rouler vite;

∎ turn of phrase tournure f ou tour m de phrase;

∎ she has a witty turn of phrase elle est très spirituelle ou pleine d'esprit

(l) (purpose, requirement) exigence f, besoin m;

∎ this book has served its turn ce livre a fait son temps

(m) Music doublé m

(n) Stock Exchange (transaction) transaction f (qui comprend l'achat et la vente); British (difference in price) écart m entre le prix d'achat et le prix de vente

(o) British Theatre numéro m;

∎ a comedy turn un numéro de comédie

(p) British Cookery

∎ done to a turn cuit à point; familiar humorous (tanned) tout bronzé

4 in turn adverb

∎ she interviewed each of us in turn elle a eu un entretien avec chacun de nous l'un après l'autre;

∎ I told Sarah and she in turn told Paul je l'ai dit à Sarah qui, à son tour, l'a dit à Paul;

∎ I worked in turn as a waiter, an actor and a teacher j'ai travaillé successivement ou tour à tour comme serveur, acteur et enseignant

5 on the turn adjective

∎ to be on the turn être sur le point de changer;

∎ the tide is on the turn c'est le changement de marée; figurative le vent tourne;

∎ the milk is on the turn le lait commence à tourner

6 out of turn adverb

∎ don't play out of turn attends ton tour pour jouer;

∎ figurative to speak out of turn faire des remarques déplacées, parler mal à propos

►► (shift) turn of duty (gen) tour m de service; Military tour m de garde;

American turn signal clignotant m, Belgian clignoteur m, Swiss signofil(e) m;

American turn signal lever (manette f de) clignotant m

➲ turn against inseparable transitive verb

se retourner contre, s'en prendre à

➲ turn around = turn round

➲ turn aside

1 intransitive verb

(move to one side) s'écarter; also figurative (move away) se détourner;

∎ she turned aside to blow her nose elle se détourna pour se moucher

2 separable transitive verb

also figurative écarter, détourner

➲ turn away

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (avert) détourner;

∎ she turned her head away from him elle s'est détournée de lui

(b) (reject → person) renvoyer; (stronger) chasser;

∎ the college turned away hundreds of applicants l'université a refusé des centaines de candidats;

∎ she turned the salesman away elle chassa le représentant;

∎ to turn people away (in theatre etc) refuser du monde;

∎ we've been turning business away nous avons refusé du travail

2 intransitive verb

se détourner;

∎ he turned away from them in anger en ou de colère, il leur a tourné le dos

➲ turn back

1 intransitive verb

(a) (return → person) revenir, rebrousser chemin; (→ vehicle) faire demi-tour;

∎ it was getting dark so we decided to turn back comme il commençait à faire nuit, nous avons décidé de faire demi-tour;

∎ my mind is made up, there is no turning back ma décision est prise, je ne reviendrai pas dessus

(b) (go back in book)

∎ turn back to chapter one revenez ou retournez au premier chapitre

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (force to return) faire faire demi-tour à; (refugee) refouler

(b) (fold → collar, sheet) rabattre; (→ sleeves) remonter, retrousser; (→ corner of page) corner

(c) (idiom)

∎ to turn the clock back remonter dans le temps, revenir en arrière

➲ turn down

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (heating, lighting, sound) baisser

(b) (fold → sheet) rabattre, retourner; (→ collar) rabattre;

∎ to turn down the corner of a page corner une page;

∎ to turn down the bed ouvrir le lit

(c) (reject → offer, request, suitor) rejeter, repousser; (→ candidate, job) refuser;

∎ they offered him a job but he turned them down ils lui ont proposé un emploi mais il a rejeté leur offre;

∎ familiar she turned me down flat elle m'a envoyé balader

2 intransitive verb

(move downwards) tourner vers le bas;

∎ the corners of his mouth turned down il a fait la moue ou une grimace désapprobatrice

➲ turn in

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (return, give in → borrowed article, equipment, piece of work) rendre, rapporter; (→ criminal) livrer à la police;

∎ they turned the thief in (took him to the police) ils ont livré le voleur à la police; (informed on him) ils ont dénoncé le voleur à la police

(b) (fold in)

∎ turn in the edges rentrez les bords

(c) (produce)

∎ the actor turned in a good performance l'acteur a très bien joué;

∎ the company turned in record profits l'entreprise a fait des bénéfices record

2 intransitive verb

(a) (feet, toes)

∎ my toes turn in j'ai les pieds en dedans

(b) (go through entrance off road etc)

∎ he turned in at the gate arrivé à la porte, il est entré

(c) familiar (go to bed) se coucher^□

(d) (idiom)

∎ to turn in on oneself se replier sur soi-même

➲ turn off

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (switch off → light) éteindre; (→ heater, radio, television) éteindre, fermer; (cut off at mains) couper; (tap) fermer;

∎ she turned the ignition/engine off elle a coupé le contact/arrêté le moteur

(b) familiar (fail to interest) rebuter^□ ; (sexually) couper l'envie à; (repulse) débecter;

∎ her superior attitude really turns me off son air suffisant me rebute

2 intransitive verb

(a) (leave road) tourner;

∎ we turned off at junction 5 nous avons pris la sortie d'autoroute 5

(b) (switch off) s'éteindre;

∎ the heater turns off automatically l'appareil de chauffage s'éteint ou s'arrête automatiquement

➲ turn on

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (switch on → electricity, heating, light, radio, television) allumer; (→ engine) mettre en marche; (→ water) faire couler; (→ tap) ouvrir; (open at mains) ouvrir;

∎ figurative she can turn on the charm/the tears whenever necessary elle sait faire du charme/pleurer quand il le faut

(b) familiar (person → interest) intéresser^□ ; (→ sexually) exciter; (→ introduce to drugs) initier à la drogue^□ ;

∎ to be turned on (sexually) être excité;

∎ the movie didn't turn me on at all le film ne m'a vraiment pas emballé;

∎ he turned us on to this new pianist il nous a fait découvrir ce nouveau pianiste

2 inseparable transitive verb

(attack) attaquer;

∎ the dogs turned on him les chiens l'ont attaqué ou se sont jetés sur lui;

∎ his colleagues turned on him and accused him of stealing ses collègues s'en sont pris à lui et l'ont accusé de vol

3 intransitive verb

(take drugs) se droguer

4 intransitive verb

(a) (switch on) s'allumer;

∎ the oven turns on automatically le four s'allume automatiquement

(b) (depend, hinge on) dépendre de, reposer sur;

∎ the whole case turned on or upon this detail toute l'affaire reposait sur ce détail;

∎ everything turns on whether he continues as president tout dépend s'il reste président ou non

➲ turn out

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (switch off → light) éteindre; (→ gas) éteindre, couper

(b) (point outwards)

∎ she turns her toes out when she walks elle marche en canard

(c) (dismiss, expel) mettre à la porte; (tenant) expulser, déloger;

∎ he turned his daughter out of the house il a mis sa fille à la porte ou a chassé sa fille de la maison;

∎ he was turned out of his job il a été renvoyé

(d) (empty → container, pockets) retourner, vider; (→ contents) vider; (→ jelly) verser;

∎ turn the cake out onto a plate démoulez le gâteau sur une assiette

(e) British (clean) nettoyer à fond;

∎ to turn out a room faire une pièce à fond

(f) (produce) produire, fabriquer;

∎ he turns out a book a year il écrit un livre par an;

∎ few schools turn out the kind of people we need peu d'écoles forment le type de gens qu'il nous faut

(g) (police, troops) envoyer;

∎ turn out the guard! faites sortir la garde!

(h) (usu passive) (dress) habiller;

∎ nicely or smartly turned out élégant;

∎ he was turned out in a suit and a tie il portait un costume-cravate;

∎ she always turns her children out beautifully elle habille toujours bien ses enfants

2 intransitive verb

(a) (show up) venir, arriver; Military (guard) (aller) prendre la faction; (troops) aller au rassemblement;

∎ thousands turned out for the concert des milliers de gens sont venus ou ont assisté au concert;

∎ the doctor had to turn out in the middle of the night le docteur a dû se déplacer au milieu de la nuit

(b) (car, person) sortir, partir;

∎ the car turned out of the car park la voiture est sortie du parking

(c) (point outwards)

∎ my feet turn out j'ai les pieds en canard ou en dehors

(d) (prove) se révéler, s'avérer;

∎ his statement turned out to be false sa déclaration s'est révélée fausse;

∎ her story turned out to be true ce qu'elle a raconté était vrai;

∎ he turned out to be a scoundrel il s'est révélé être un vaurien, on s'est rendu compte que c'était un vaurien;

∎ it turns out that… il se trouve que… + indicative

(e) (end up)

∎ I don't know how it turned out je ne sais pas comment cela a fini;

∎ how did the cake turn out? le gâteau était-il réussi?;

∎ the story turned out happily l'histoire s'est bien terminée ou a bien fini;

∎ the evening turned out badly la soirée a mal tourné;

∎ everything will turn out fine tout va s'arranger ou ira bien;

∎ as it turns out, he needn't have worried en l'occurrence ou en fin de compte, ce n'était pas la peine de se faire du souci

(f) British familiar (get out of bed) se lever^□, sortir du lit^□

➲ turn over

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (playing card, mattress, person, stone) retourner; (page) tourner; (vehicle) retourner; (boat) faire chavirer;

∎ I was turning over the pages of the magazine je feuilletais la revue;

∎ figurative to turn over a new leaf s'acheter une conduite;

∎ Agriculture to turn over the soil retourner la terre

(b) (consider) réfléchir à ou sur;

∎ I was turning the idea over in my mind je tournais et retournais ou ruminais l'idée dans ma tête

(c) (hand over, transfer) rendre, remettre;

∎ he turned the responsibility over to his deputy il s'est déchargé de la responsabilité sur son adjoint;

∎ to turn sb over to the authorities livrer qn aux autorités

(d) (change) transformer, changer;

∎ he's turning the land over to cattle farming il reconvertit sa terre dans l'élevage du bétail

(e) Commerce

∎ the store turns over £1,000 a week la boutique fait un chiffre d'affaires de 1000 livres par semaine

(f) (search through) fouiller

(g) British familiar (rob → person) voler^□, dévaliser^□ ; (→ store) dévaliser^□ ; (→ house) cambrioler^□

2 intransitive verb

(a) (roll over → person) se retourner; (→ vehicle) se retourner, faire un tonneau; (→ boat) se retourner, chavirer

(b) (engine) commencer à tourner

(c) (when reading) tourner;

∎ please turn over (in letter) TSVP

(d) Television (change channel) changer de chaîne

(e) Commerce (merchandise) s'écouler, se vendre

➲ turn round

1 intransitive verb British

(a) (rotate → person) se retourner; (→ object) tourner;

∎ she turned round and waved goodbye elle se retourna et dit au revoir de la main;

∎ the dancers turned round and round les danseurs tournaient ou tournoyaient (sur eux-mêmes)

(b) (face opposite direction → person) faire volte-face, faire demi-tour; (→ vehicle) faire demi-tour;

∎ figurative she turned round and accused us of stealing elle s'est retournée contre nous et nous a accusés de vol

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (rotate → head) tourner; (→ object, person) tourner, retourner; (→ vehicle) faire faire demi-tour à;

∎ could you turn the car round please? tu peux faire demi-tour, s'il te plaît?

(b) (quantity of work) traiter

(c) (change nature of)

∎ to turn a situation round renverser une situation;

∎ Commerce to turn a company round sauver une entreprise de la faillite

(d) (sentence, idea) retourner

➲ turn to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (person) se tourner vers; (→ page) aller à;

∎ turn to chapter one allez au premier chapitre

(b) (seek help from) s'adresser à, se tourner vers;

∎ to turn to sb for advice consulter qn, demander conseil à qn;

∎ I don't know who to turn to je ne sais pas à qui m'adresser ou qui aller trouver;

∎ he turned to his mother for sympathy il s'est tourné vers sa mère pour qu'elle le console;

∎ she won't turn to me for help elle ne veut pas me demander de l'aide;

∎ he turned to the bottle il s'est mis à boire

(c) figurative (shift, move on to)

∎ her thoughts turned to her sister elle se mit à penser à sa sœur;

∎ the discussion turned to the war on se mit à discuter de la guerre

(d) (address → subject, issue etc) aborder, traiter;

∎ we shall now turn to the problem of housing nous allons maintenant aborder le problème du logement;

∎ let us turn to another topic passons à un autre sujet

➲ turn up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (heat, lighting, radio, TV) mettre plus fort;

∎ to turn the sound up augmenter ou monter le volume;

∎ she turned the oven up elle a mis ou réglé le four plus fort, elle a augmenté la température du four;

∎ British very familiar turn it up! la ferme!

(b) (find, unearth) découvrir, dénicher; (buried object) déterrer;

∎ her research turned up some interesting new facts sa recherche a révélé de nouveaux détails intéressants

(c) (point upwards) remonter, relever;

∎ she has a turned-up nose elle a le nez retroussé

(d) (collar) relever; (trousers) remonter; (sleeve) retrousser, remonter; (in order to shorten) raccourcir en faisant un ourlet

(e) (uncover → card) retourner

2 intransitive verb

(a) (appear) apparaître; (arrive) arriver;

∎ she turned up at my office this morning elle s'est présentée à mon bureau ce matin;

∎ he'll turn up again one of these days il reviendra bien un de ces jours;

∎ I'll take the first job that turns up je prendrai le premier poste qui se présentera

(b) (be found) être trouvé ou retrouvé;

∎ her bag turned up eventually elle a fini par retrouver son sac

(c) (happen) se passer, arriver;

∎ don't worry, something will turn up ne t'en fais pas, tu finiras par trouver quelque chose;

∎ until something better turns up en attendant mieux

✾ Book ✾ Music 'The Turn of the Screw' James, Britten 'Le Tour d'écrou'

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > turn
15 power

power [ˈpaʊə^r]

1. noun

   a. ( = ability) pouvoir m ; ( = faculty) faculté f

• he did everything in his power to help us il a fait tout son possible pour nous aider

• it is beyond her power to save him elle est impuissante à le sauver

• he lost the power of speech il a perdu (l'usage de) la parole

• mental powers facultés fpl mentales

• his powers of persuasion son pouvoir de persuasion

• purchasing power pouvoir m d'achat

   b. ( = force) [of person, blow, sun] force f

• the power of love/thought la force de l'amour/de la pensée

• air power puissance f aérienne

   c. ( = authority) pouvoir m

• the power of the President le pouvoir du Président

• pupil power le pouvoir des lycéens

• he has the power to act il a le pouvoir d'agir

• at the height of his power à l'apogée de son pouvoir

• to have power over sb avoir autorité sur qn

• to have sb in one's power avoir qn en son pouvoir

• in power [party] au pouvoir

• to come to power accéder au pouvoir

• the power behind the throne l'éminence f grise

• the powers that be les autorités fpl constituées

   d. ( = energy) énergie f ; ( = output) rendement m ; ( = electricity) électricité f, courant m

• nuclear power l'énergie f nucléaire

• they cut off the power ils ont coupé le courant

• a cheap source of power une source d'énergie bon marché

   e. [of engine, device] puissance f

• microwave on full power for a minute faites chauffer au micro-ondes à puissance maximale pendant une minute

• the ship returned to port under her own power le navire est rentré au port par ses propres moyens

   f. it did me a power of good (inf) ça m'a fait un bien immense

2. transitive verb

faire marcher

• a car powered by a battery une voiture qui marche sur batterie

3. compounds

► power-assisted adjective assisté

► power base noun réseau m d'influence

► power cable noun câble m électrique

► power cut noun (British) coupure f de courant

► power failure noun panne f de courant

► power game noun (British) jeu m de pouvoir

► power line noun ligne f à haute tension

► power of attorney noun procuration f

► power pack noun bloc m d'alimentation

► power plant noun ( = building) centrale f (électrique)

► power play noun ( = attack) attaque f en force ; ( = struggle) épreuve f de force

► power point noun (British) prise f de courant

► power sharing noun partage m du pouvoir

► power station noun centrale f (électrique)

► power steering noun direction f assistée

► power struggle noun lutte f pour le pouvoir

► power supply noun alimentation f électrique

► power tool noun outil m électrique

► power down separable transitive verb

[+ computer] éteindre

► power up separable transitive verb

[+ computer] allumer

* * *
['paʊə(r)] 1.
noun

1) gen, Politics ( control) pouvoir m

to be in/come to power — être/accéder au pouvoir

to be in somebody's power — être à la merci de quelqu'un

2) ( strength) puissance f

3) ( influence) influence f ( over sur)

4) ( capability) pouvoir m

to do everything in one's power — faire tout ce qui est en son pouvoir ( to do pour faire)

to lose the power of speech — perdre l'usage de la parole

to be at the height of one's powers — gen avoir atteint la plénitude de ses moyens; [artist] être au sommet de son art

5) [U] ( also powers) ( authority) attributions fpl

police powers — les attributions de la police

6) ( physical force) (of person, explosion) force f; ( of storm) violence f

7) Physics, Technology, gen énergie f; ( current) courant m

to switch on the power — mettre le courant

8) (of vehicle, plane) puissance f

to be running at full/half power — fonctionner à plein/mi-régime

9) ( magnification) puissance f

10) Mathematics

8 to the power of 3 — 8 puissance 3

11) ( country) puissance f
2.
noun modifier Technology, Electricity [ drill, circuit, cable] électrique; [ steering, brakes] assisté; [ mower] à moteur; [ shovel] mécanique; [breakfast, lunch] de travail
3.
transitive verb faire marcher [engine]; propulser [plane, boat]

powered by — propulsé par [engine]; alimenté par [electricity, gas, generator]

••

to do somebody a power of good — faire à quelqu'un un bien fou

the powers of darkness — les puissances des ténèbres

the powers that be — les autorités

English-French dictionary > power
16 half

half [hɑ:f]

moitié ⇒ 1 (a), 2 mi-temps ⇒ 1 (b) camp ⇒ 1 (c) demi ⇒ 1 (d), 1 (e) à moitié ⇒ 5

(pl halves [hɑ:vz])

1 noun

(a) (gen) moitié f; (of standard measured amount) demi(e) m,f; (of ticket, coupon) souche f;

∎ half an hour une demi-heure;

∎ half a dozen une demi-douzaine;

∎ to cut/to break sth in half couper/casser qch en deux;

∎ what's half of 13.72? quelle est la moitié de 13,72?;

∎ two and two halves, please (on bus, train etc) deux billets tarif normal et deux billets demi-tarif, s'il vous plaît;

∎ Railways outward/return half (of ticket) coupon m d'aller/de retour;

∎ you can have the smaller half la plus petite moitié est pour toi;

∎ she gave each of us half elle nous en a donné la moitié à chacun;

∎ it cuts the journey time in half cela réduit de moitié la durée du voyage;

∎ three and a half trois et demi;

∎ three and a half pieces/years trois morceaux/ans et demi;

∎ British bigger by half plus grand de moitié, moitié plus grand;

∎ two halves make a whole deux moitiés ou demis font un tout;

∎ to go halves with sb partager avec qn;

∎ we'll go halves on partage;

∎ they don't do things by halves ils ne font pas les choses à moitié;

∎ British he always was too clever by half il a toujours été un peu trop malin;

∎ British you're too cheeky by half! tu es bien trop effronté ou culotté!;

∎ familiar a party/day/hangover and a half une sacrée nouba/journée/gueule de bois;

∎ familiar that was a walk and a half! c'était une sacrée promenade!;

∎ familiar I've got a headache and a half this morning! j'ai un sacré mal de tête ce matin!;

∎ familiar and that's not the half of it et ce n'est que le début;

∎ familiar you haven't heard the half of it! tu n'en sais pas encore le quart!;

∎ it's sort of half and half c'est un peu de chaque;

∎ humorous my better or other half ma (chère) moitié;

∎ humorous to see how the other half lives voir comment on vit de l'autre côté de la barrière, voir comment vivent les autres

(b) Sport (period of sports match) mi-temps f inv;

∎ France was in the lead in the first half la France menait pendant la première mi-temps

(c) Sport (area of football or rugby pitch) camp m

(d) Sport (rugby or football player) demi m

(e) British (half pint of beer) demi m (de bière)

2 pronoun

∎ leave half of it for me laisse-m'en la moitié;

∎ half of us were students la moitié d'entre nous étaient des étudiants

3 adjective

∎ a half chicken un demi-poulet;

∎ oysters on the half-shell huîtres fpl servies dans leurs coquilles;

∎ at half speed au ralenti;

∎ familiar to go off at half cock (plan) avorter;

∎ familiar we don't want to go off at half cock on this one cette fois-ci on ne va pas faire les choses à moitié

4 predeterminer

∎ half the time he seems to be asleep on a l'impression qu'il est endormi la moitié du temps;

∎ half the time he isn't there les trois quarts du temps, il n'est pas là;

∎ he's half a year older than me il a six mois de plus que moi;

∎ familiar half a minute! une (petite) minute!;

∎ familiar I'll be down in half a second je descends tout de suite^□ ;

∎ I'll be there in half an hour j'y serai dans une demi-heure;

∎ just half a cup for me juste une demi-tasse pour moi;

∎ he's not half the man he used to be il n'est plus que l'ombre de lui-même;

∎ familiar to have half a mind to do sth avoir bien envie de faire qch^□ ;

∎ that was half the point of going there c'était tout l'intérêt d'y aller

5 adverb

(a) (finished, asleep, dressed) à moitié; (full, empty, blind) à moitié, à demi;

∎ to be half full of sth être à moitié rempli de qch;

∎ you're only half right tu n'as qu'à moitié raison;

∎ half done (work) fait à moitié; (cooked meat etc) à moitié cuit;

∎ a strange colour, half green, half blue une couleur bizarre, entre le vert et le bleu;

∎ to be half English and half French être moitié anglais moitié français;

∎ I half think that... je suis tenté de penser que...;

∎ for a minute I half thought that... pendant une minute, j'ai presque pensé que...;

∎ I was half afraid you wouldn't understand j'avais un peu peur que vous ne compreniez pas;

∎ I was only half joking je ne plaisantais qu'à moitié;

∎ half laughing, half crying moitié riant, moitié pleurant

(b) British familiar (as intensifier)

∎ they're not half fit ils sont en super-forme;

∎ he's not half lazy il est drôlement ou rudement paresseux;

∎ it's not half cold today! il fait rudement ou sacrément froid aujourd'hui!;

∎ he didn't half yell il a hurlé comme un fou;

∎ she can't half run elle court comme un lièvre;

∎ you don't half put your foot in it sometimes! tu mets vraiment les pieds dans le plat parfois!;

∎ they didn't half complain ils se sont plaints, et pas qu'un peu;

∎ did you complain? - I didn't half! or not half! est-ce que vous vous êtes plaint? - et comment! ou pas qu'un peu!;

∎ he's/it's not half bad il est/c'est vraiment bon

(c) (time) British

∎ it's half past two, it's half two il est deux heures et demie;

∎ American half after six six heures et demie

(d) (idioms)

∎ to be half as big/fast as sb/sth être moitié moins grand/rapide que qn/qch;

∎ the radio was only half as loud as before le son de la radio était moitié moins fort qu'avant;

∎ to earn half as much as sb gagner moitié moins que qn;

∎ to be half as big again (as sb/sth) être moitié plus grand (que qn/qch);

∎ he earns half as much again as you do il gagne moitié plus que toi

►► Technology half bearing demi-palier m;

British half board

1 noun

demi-pension f

2 adverb

en demi-pension;

American familiar half buck 50 cents mpl;

Computing half duplex semi-duplex m;

∎ to send sth half duplex transmettre qch en semi-duplex;

half fare demi-tarif m;

∎ to travel half fare voyager à demi-tarif;

American Music half step demi-ton m;

British School half term = congé scolaire en milieu de trimestre;

Architecture & Building industry half timbering colombage m;

half year semestre m

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > half
17 Edison, Thomas Alva

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Automotive engineering, Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Metallurgy, Photography, film and optics, Public utilities, Recording, Telecommunications

[br]

b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA

d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont

[br]

American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.

[br]

He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.

At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.

Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.

He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.

Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.

Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.

Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.

In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.

On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.

Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.

In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.

In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.

In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.

In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.

In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.

Further Reading

M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.

R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.

IMcN

Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva
18 remote maintenance
1. дистанционное техническое обслуживание
дистанционное техническое обслуживание
Техническое обслуживание объекта, проводимое под управлением персонала без его непосредственного присутствия.
[ОСТ 45.152-99 ]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU из ABB Review. Перевод компании Интент
Service from afar
Дистанционный сервис

ABB’s Remote Service concept is revolutionizing the robotics industry

Разработанная АББ концепция дистанционного обслуживания Remote Service революционизирует робототехнику

ABB robots are found in industrial applications everywhere – lifting, packing, grinding and welding, to name a few. Robust and tireless, they work around the clock and are critical to a company’s productivity. Thus, keeping these robots in top shape is essential – any failure can lead to serious output consequences. But what happens when a robot malfunctions?

Роботы АББ используются во всех отраслях промышленности для перемещения грузов, упаковки, шлифовки, сварки – всего и не перечислить. Надежные и неутомимые работники, способные трудиться день и ночь, они представляют большую ценность для владельца. Поэтому очень важно поддерживать их в надлежащей состоянии, ведь любой отказ может иметь серьезные последствия. Но что делать, если робот все-таки сломался?

ABB’s new Remote Service concept holds the answer: This approach enables a malfunctioning robot to alarm for help itself. An ABB service engineer then receives whole diagnostic information via wireless technology, analyzes the data on a Web site and responds with support in just minutes. This unique service is paying off for customers and ABB alike, and in the process is revolutionizing service thinking.

Ответом на этот вопрос стала новая концепция Remote Service от АББ, согласно которой неисправный робот сам просит о помощи. C помощью беспроводной технологии специалист сервисной службы АББ получает всю необходимую диагностическую информацию, анализирует данные на web-сайте и через считанные минуты выдает рекомендации по устранению отказа. Эта уникальная возможность одинаково ценна как для заказчиков, так и для самой компании АББ. В перспективе она способна в корне изменить весь подход к организации технического обслуживания.

Every minute of production downtime can have financially disastrous consequences for a company. Traditional reactive service is no longer sufficient since on-site service engineer visits also demand great amounts of time and money. Thus, companies not only require faster help from the service organization when needed but they also want to avoid disturbances in production.

Каждая минута простоя производства может привести к губительным финансовым последствиям. Традиционная организация сервиса, предусматривающая ликвидацию возникающих неисправностей, становится все менее эффективной, поскольку вызов сервисного инженера на место эксплуатации робота сопряжен с большими затратами времени и денег. Предприятия требуют от сервисной организации не только более быстрого оказания помощи, но и предотвращения возможных сбоев производства.

In 2006, ABB developed a new approach to better meet customer’s expectations: Using the latest technologies to reach the robots at customer sites around the world, ABB could support them remotely in just minutes, thereby reducing the need for site visits. Thus the new Remote Service concept was quickly brought to fruition and was launched in mid-2007. Statistics show that by using the system the majority of production stoppages can be avoided.

В 2006 г. компания АББ разработала новый подход к удовлетворению ожиданий своих заказчиков. Использование современных технологий позволяет специалистам АББ получать информацию от роботов из любой точки мира и в считанные минуты оказывать помощь дистанционно, в результате чего сокращается количество выездов на место установки. Запущенная в середине 2007 г. концепция Remote Service быстро себя оправдала. Статистика показывает, что её применение позволило предотвратить большое число остановок производства.

Reactive maintenance The hardware that makes ABB Remote Service possible consists of a communication unit, which has a function similar to that of an airplane’s so-called black box 1. This “service box” is connected to the robot’s control system and can read and transmit diagnostic information. The unit not only reads critical diagnostic information that enables immediate support in the event of a failure, but also makes it possible to monitor and analyze the robot’s condition, thereby proactively detecting the need for maintenance.

Устранение возникающих неисправностей Аппаратное устройство, с помощью которого реализуется концепция Remote Service, представляет собой коммуникационный блок, работающий аналогично черному ящику самолета (рис. 1). Этот блок считывает диагностические данные из контроллера робота и передает их по каналу GSM. Считывается не только информация, необходимая для оказания немедленной помощи в случае отказа, но и сведения, позволяющие контролировать и анализировать состояние робота для прогнозирования неисправностей и планирования технического обслуживания.

If the robot breaks down, the service box immediately stores the status of the robot, its historical data (as log files), and diagnostic parameters such as temperature and power supply. Equipped with a built-in modem and using the GSM network, the box transmits the data to a central server for analysis and presentation on a dedicated Web site. Alerts are automatically sent to the nearest of ABB’s 1,200 robot service engineers who then accesses the detailed data and error log to analyze the problem.

При поломке робота сервисный блок немедленно сохраняет данные о его состоянии, сведения из рабочего журнала, а также значения диагностических параметров (температура и характеристики питания). Эти данные передаются встроенным GSM-модемом на центральный сервер для анализа и представления на соответствующем web-сайте. Аварийные сообщения автоматически пересылаются ближайшему к месту аварии одному из 1200 сервисных инженеров-робототехников АББ, который получает доступ к детальной информации и журналу аварий для анализа возникшей проблемы.

A remotely based ABB engineer can then quickly identify the exact fault, offering rapid customer support. For problems that cannot be solved remotely, the service engineer can arrange for quick delivery of spare parts and visit the site to repair the robot. Even if the engineer must make a site visit, service is faster, more efficient and performed to a higher standard than otherwise possible.

Специалист АББ может дистанционно идентифицировать отказ и оказать быструю помощь заказчику. Если неисправность не может быть устранена дистанционно, сервисный инженер организовывает доставку запасных частей и выезд ремонтной бригады. Даже если необходимо разрешение проблемы на месте, предшествующая дистанционная диагностика позволяет минимизировать объем работ и сократить время простоя.

Remote Service enables engineers to “talk” to robots remotely and to utilize tools that enable smart, fast and automatic analysis. The system is based on a machine-to-machine (M2M) concept, which works automatically, requiring human input only for analysis and personalized customer recommendations. ABB was recognized for this innovative solution at the M2M United Conference in Chicago in 2008 Factbox.

Remote Service позволяет инженерам «разговаривать» с роботами на расстоянии и предоставляет в их распоряжение интеллектуальные средства быстрого автоматизированного анализа. Система основана на основе технологии автоматической связи машины с машиной (M2M), где участие человека сводится к анализу данных и выдаче рекомендаций клиенту. В 2008 г. это инновационное решение от АББ получило приз на конференции M2M United Conference в Чикаго (см. вставку).

Proactive maintenance
Remote Service also allows ABB engineers to monitor and detect potential problems in the robot system and opens up new possibilities for proactive maintenance.

Прогнозирование неисправностей
Remote Service позволяет инженерам АББ дистанционно контролировать состояние роботов и прогнозировать возможные неисправности, что открывает новые возможности по организации профилактического обслуживания.

The service box regularly takes condition measurements. By monitoring key parameters over time, Remote Service can identify potential failures and when necessary notify both the end customer and the appropriate ABB engineer. The management and storage of full system backups is a very powerful service to help recover from critical situations caused, for example, by operator errors.

Сервисный блок регулярно выполняет диагностические измерения. Непрерывно контролируя ключевые параметры, Remote Service может распознать потенциальные опасности и, при необходимости, оповещать владельца оборудования и соответствующего специалиста АББ. Резервирование данных для возможного отката является мощным средством, обеспечивающим восстановление системы в критических ситуациях, например, после ошибки оператора.

The first Remote Service installation took place in the automotive industry in the United States and quickly proved its value. The motherboard in a robot cabinet overheated and the rise in temperature triggered an alarm via Remote Service. Because of the alarm, engineers were able to replace a faulty fan, preventing a costly production shutdown.

Первая система Remote Service была установлена на автозаводе в США и очень скоро была оценена по достоинству. Она обнаружила перегрев материнской платы в шкафу управления роботом и передала сигнал о превышении допустимой температуры, благодаря чему инженеры смогли заменить неисправный вентилятор и предотвратить дорогостоящую остановку производства.

MyRobot: 24-hour remote access

Having regular access to a robot’s condition data is also essential to achieving lean production. At any time, from any location, customers can verify their robots’ status and access maintenance information and performance reports simply by logging in to ABB’s MyRobot Web site. The service enables customers to easily compare performances, identify bottlenecks or developing issues, and initiate the most

Сайт MyRobot: круглосуточный дистанционный доступ
Для того чтобы обеспечить бесперебойное производство, необходимо иметь регулярный доступ к информации о состоянии робота. Зайдя на соответствующую страницу сайта MyRobot компании АББ, заказчики получат все необходимые данные, включая сведения о техническом обслуживании и отчеты о производительности своего робота. Эта услуга позволяет легко сравнивать данные о производительности, обнаруживать возможные проблемы, а также оптимизировать планирование технического обслуживания и модернизации. С помощью MyRobot можно значительно увеличить выпуск продукции и уменьшить количество выбросов.

Award-winning solution
In June 2008, the innovative Remote Service solution won the Gold Value Chain award at the M2M United Conference in Chicago. The value chain award honors successful corporate adopters of M2M (machine–to-machine) technology and highlights the process of combining multiple technologies to deliver high-quality services to customers. ABB won in the categoryof Smart Services.

Приз за удачное решение
В июне 2008 г. инновационное решение Remote Service получило награду Gold Value Chain (Золотая цепь) на конференции M2M United Conference в Чикаго. «Золотая цепь» присуждается за успешное масштабное внедрение технологии M2M (машина – машина), а также за достижения в объединении различных технологий для предоставления высококачественных услуг заказчикам. АББ одержала победу в номинации «Интеллектуальный сервис».

Case study: Tetley Tetley GB Ltd is the world’s second-largest manufacturer and distributor of tea. The company’s manufacturing and distribution business is spread across 40 countries and sells over 60 branded tea bags. Tetley’s UK tea production facility in Eaglescliffe, County Durham is the sole producer of Tetley tea bags 2.

Пример применения: Tetley Компания TetleyGB Ltd является вторым по величине мировым производителем и поставщиком чая. Производственные и торговые филиалы компании имеются в 40 странах, а продукция распространяется под 60 торговыми марками. Чаеразвесочная фабрика в Иглсклифф, графство Дарем, Великобритания – единственный производитель чая Tetley в пакетиках (рис. 2).

ABB offers a flexible choice of service agreements for both new and existing robot installations, which can help extend the mean time between failures, shorten the time to repair and lower the cost of automated production.

Предлагаемые АББ контракты на выполнение технического обслуживания как уже имеющихся, так и вновь устанавливаемых роботов, позволяют значительно увеличить среднюю наработку на отказ, сократить время ремонта и общую стоимость автоматизированного производства.

Robots in the plant’s production line were tripping alarms and delaying the whole production cycle. The spurious alarms resulted in much unnecessary downtime that was spent resetting the robots in the hope that another breakdown could be avoided. Each time an alarm was tripped, several hours of production time was lost. “It was for this reason that we were keen to try out ABB’s Remote Service agreement,” said Colin Trevor, plant maintenance manager.

Установленные в технологической линии роботы выдавали аварийные сигналы, задерживающие выполнение производственного цикла. Ложные срабатывания вынуждали перезапускать роботов в надежде предотвратить возможные отказы, в результате чего после каждого аварийного сигнала производство останавливалось на несколько часов. «Именно поэтому мы решили попробовать заключить с АББ контракт на дистанционное техническое обслуживание», – сказал Колин Тревор, начальник технической службы фабрики.

To prevent future disruptions caused by unplanned downtime, Tetley signed an ABB Response Package service agreement, which included installing a service box and system infrastructure into the robot control systems. Using the Remote Service solution, ABB remotely monitors and collects data on the “wear and tear” and productivity of the robotic cells; this data is then shared with the customer and contributes to smooth-running production cycles.

Для предотвращения ущерба в результате незапланированных простоев Tetley заключила с АББ контракт на комплексное обслуживание Response Package, согласно которому системы управления роботами были дооборудованы сервисными блоками с необходимой инфраструктурой. С помощью Remote Service компания АББ дистанционно собирает данные о наработке, износе и производительности роботизированных модулей. Эти данные предоставляются заказчику для оптимизации загрузки производственного оборудования.

Higher production uptime
Since the implementation of Remote Service, Tetley has enjoyed greatly reduced robot downtime, with no further disruptions caused by unforeseen problems. “The Remote Service package has dramatically changed the plant,” said Trevor. “We no longer have breakdown issues throughout the shift, helping us to achieve much longer periods of robot uptime. As we have learned, world-class manufacturing facilities need world-class support packages. Remote monitoring of our robots helps us to maintain machine uptime, prevent costly downtime and ensures my employees can be put to more valuable use.”

Увеличение полезного времени
С момента внедрения Remote Service компания Tetley была приятно удивлена резким сокращением простоя роботов и отсутствием незапланированных остановок производства. «Пакет Remote Service резко изменил ситуацию на предприятии», – сказал Тревор. «Мы избавились от простоев роботов и смогли резко увеличить их эксплуатационную готовность. Мы поняли, что для производственного оборудования мирового класса необходим сервисный пакет мирового класса. Дистанционный контроль роботов помогает нам поддерживать их в рабочем состоянии, предотвращать дорогостоящие простои и задействовать наш персонал для выполнения более важных задач».

Service access
Remote Service is available worldwide, connecting more than 500 robots. Companies that have up to 30 robots are often good candidates for the Remote Service offering, as they usually have neither the engineers nor the requisite skills to deal with robotics faults themselves. Larger companies are also enthusiastic about Remote Service, as the proactive services will improve the lifetime of their equipment and increase overall production uptime.

Доступность сервиса
Сеть Remote Service охватывает более 700 роботов по всему миру. Потенциальными заказчиками Remote Service являются компании, имеющие до 30 роботов, но не имеющие инженеров и техников, способных самостоятельно устранять их неисправности. Интерес к Remote Service проявляют и более крупные компании, поскольку они заинтересованы в увеличении срока службы и эксплуатационной готовности производственного оборудования.

In today’s competitive environment, business profitability often relies on demanding production schedules that do not always leave time for exhaustive or repeated equipment health checks. ABB’s Remote Service agreements are designed to monitor its customers’ robots to identify when problems are likely to occur and ensure that help is dispatched before the problem can escalate. In over 60 percent of ABB’s service calls, its robots can be brought back online remotely, without further intervention.

В условиях современной конкуренции окупаемость бизнеса часто зависит от соблюдения жестких графиков производства, не оставляющих времени для полномасштабных или периодических проверок исправности оборудования. Контракт Remote Service предусматривает мониторинг состояния роботов заказчика для прогнозирования возможных неисправностей и принятие мер по их предотвращению. В более чем 60 % случаев для устранения неисправности достаточно дистанционной консультации в сервисной службе АББ, дальнейшего вмешательства не требуется.

ABB offers a flexible choice of service agreements for both new and existing robot installations, which helps extend the mean time between failures, shorten the time to repair and lower the total cost of ownership. With four new packages available – Support, Response, Maintenance and Warranty, each backed up by ABB’s Remote Service technology – businesses can minimize the impact of unplanned downtime and achieve improved production-line efficiency.

Компания АББ предлагает гибкий выбор контрактов на выполнение технического обслуживания как уже имеющихся, так и вновь устанавливаемых роботов, которые позволяют значительно увеличить среднюю наработку на отказ, сократить время ремонта и эксплуатационные расходы. Четыре новых пакета на основе технологии Remote Service – Support, Response, Maintenance и Warranty – позволяют минимизировать внеплановые простои и значительно повысить эффективность производства.

The benefits of Remote Sevice are clear: improved availability, fewer service visits, lower maintenance costs and maximized total cost of ownership. This unique service sets ABB apart from its competitors and is the beginning of a revolution in service thinking. It provides ABB with a great opportunity to improve customer access to its expertise and develop more advanced services worldwide.

Преимущества дистанционного технического обслуживания очевидны: повышенная надежность, уменьшение выездов ремонтных бригад, уменьшение затрат на обслуживание и общих эксплуатационных расходов. Эта уникальная услуга дает компании АББ преимущества над конкурентами и демонстрирует революционный подход к организации сервиса. Благодаря ей компания АББ расширяет доступ заказчиков к опыту своих специалистов и получает возможность более эффективного оказания технической помощи по всему миру.

Тематики

тех. обсл. и ремонт средств электросвязи

Обобщающие термины

виды технического обслуживания и ремонта

EN

remote maintenance
remote sevice

Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > remote maintenance
19 remote sevice
1. дистанционное техническое обслуживание
дистанционное техническое обслуживание
Техническое обслуживание объекта, проводимое под управлением персонала без его непосредственного присутствия.
[ОСТ 45.152-99 ]

Параллельные тексты EN-RU из ABB Review. Перевод компании Интент
Service from afar
Дистанционный сервис

ABB’s Remote Service concept is revolutionizing the robotics industry

Разработанная АББ концепция дистанционного обслуживания Remote Service революционизирует робототехнику

ABB robots are found in industrial applications everywhere – lifting, packing, grinding and welding, to name a few. Robust and tireless, they work around the clock and are critical to a company’s productivity. Thus, keeping these robots in top shape is essential – any failure can lead to serious output consequences. But what happens when a robot malfunctions?

Роботы АББ используются во всех отраслях промышленности для перемещения грузов, упаковки, шлифовки, сварки – всего и не перечислить. Надежные и неутомимые работники, способные трудиться день и ночь, они представляют большую ценность для владельца. Поэтому очень важно поддерживать их в надлежащей состоянии, ведь любой отказ может иметь серьезные последствия. Но что делать, если робот все-таки сломался?

ABB’s new Remote Service concept holds the answer: This approach enables a malfunctioning robot to alarm for help itself. An ABB service engineer then receives whole diagnostic information via wireless technology, analyzes the data on a Web site and responds with support in just minutes. This unique service is paying off for customers and ABB alike, and in the process is revolutionizing service thinking.

Ответом на этот вопрос стала новая концепция Remote Service от АББ, согласно которой неисправный робот сам просит о помощи. C помощью беспроводной технологии специалист сервисной службы АББ получает всю необходимую диагностическую информацию, анализирует данные на web-сайте и через считанные минуты выдает рекомендации по устранению отказа. Эта уникальная возможность одинаково ценна как для заказчиков, так и для самой компании АББ. В перспективе она способна в корне изменить весь подход к организации технического обслуживания.

Every minute of production downtime can have financially disastrous consequences for a company. Traditional reactive service is no longer sufficient since on-site service engineer visits also demand great amounts of time and money. Thus, companies not only require faster help from the service organization when needed but they also want to avoid disturbances in production.

Каждая минута простоя производства может привести к губительным финансовым последствиям. Традиционная организация сервиса, предусматривающая ликвидацию возникающих неисправностей, становится все менее эффективной, поскольку вызов сервисного инженера на место эксплуатации робота сопряжен с большими затратами времени и денег. Предприятия требуют от сервисной организации не только более быстрого оказания помощи, но и предотвращения возможных сбоев производства.

In 2006, ABB developed a new approach to better meet customer’s expectations: Using the latest technologies to reach the robots at customer sites around the world, ABB could support them remotely in just minutes, thereby reducing the need for site visits. Thus the new Remote Service concept was quickly brought to fruition and was launched in mid-2007. Statistics show that by using the system the majority of production stoppages can be avoided.

В 2006 г. компания АББ разработала новый подход к удовлетворению ожиданий своих заказчиков. Использование современных технологий позволяет специалистам АББ получать информацию от роботов из любой точки мира и в считанные минуты оказывать помощь дистанционно, в результате чего сокращается количество выездов на место установки. Запущенная в середине 2007 г. концепция Remote Service быстро себя оправдала. Статистика показывает, что её применение позволило предотвратить большое число остановок производства.

Reactive maintenance The hardware that makes ABB Remote Service possible consists of a communication unit, which has a function similar to that of an airplane’s so-called black box 1. This “service box” is connected to the robot’s control system and can read and transmit diagnostic information. The unit not only reads critical diagnostic information that enables immediate support in the event of a failure, but also makes it possible to monitor and analyze the robot’s condition, thereby proactively detecting the need for maintenance.

Устранение возникающих неисправностей Аппаратное устройство, с помощью которого реализуется концепция Remote Service, представляет собой коммуникационный блок, работающий аналогично черному ящику самолета (рис. 1). Этот блок считывает диагностические данные из контроллера робота и передает их по каналу GSM. Считывается не только информация, необходимая для оказания немедленной помощи в случае отказа, но и сведения, позволяющие контролировать и анализировать состояние робота для прогнозирования неисправностей и планирования технического обслуживания.

If the robot breaks down, the service box immediately stores the status of the robot, its historical data (as log files), and diagnostic parameters such as temperature and power supply. Equipped with a built-in modem and using the GSM network, the box transmits the data to a central server for analysis and presentation on a dedicated Web site. Alerts are automatically sent to the nearest of ABB’s 1,200 robot service engineers who then accesses the detailed data and error log to analyze the problem.

При поломке робота сервисный блок немедленно сохраняет данные о его состоянии, сведения из рабочего журнала, а также значения диагностических параметров (температура и характеристики питания). Эти данные передаются встроенным GSM-модемом на центральный сервер для анализа и представления на соответствующем web-сайте. Аварийные сообщения автоматически пересылаются ближайшему к месту аварии одному из 1200 сервисных инженеров-робототехников АББ, который получает доступ к детальной информации и журналу аварий для анализа возникшей проблемы.

A remotely based ABB engineer can then quickly identify the exact fault, offering rapid customer support. For problems that cannot be solved remotely, the service engineer can arrange for quick delivery of spare parts and visit the site to repair the robot. Even if the engineer must make a site visit, service is faster, more efficient and performed to a higher standard than otherwise possible.

Специалист АББ может дистанционно идентифицировать отказ и оказать быструю помощь заказчику. Если неисправность не может быть устранена дистанционно, сервисный инженер организовывает доставку запасных частей и выезд ремонтной бригады. Даже если необходимо разрешение проблемы на месте, предшествующая дистанционная диагностика позволяет минимизировать объем работ и сократить время простоя.

Remote Service enables engineers to “talk” to robots remotely and to utilize tools that enable smart, fast and automatic analysis. The system is based on a machine-to-machine (M2M) concept, which works automatically, requiring human input only for analysis and personalized customer recommendations. ABB was recognized for this innovative solution at the M2M United Conference in Chicago in 2008 Factbox.

Remote Service позволяет инженерам «разговаривать» с роботами на расстоянии и предоставляет в их распоряжение интеллектуальные средства быстрого автоматизированного анализа. Система основана на основе технологии автоматической связи машины с машиной (M2M), где участие человека сводится к анализу данных и выдаче рекомендаций клиенту. В 2008 г. это инновационное решение от АББ получило приз на конференции M2M United Conference в Чикаго (см. вставку).

Proactive maintenance
Remote Service also allows ABB engineers to monitor and detect potential problems in the robot system and opens up new possibilities for proactive maintenance.

Прогнозирование неисправностей
Remote Service позволяет инженерам АББ дистанционно контролировать состояние роботов и прогнозировать возможные неисправности, что открывает новые возможности по организации профилактического обслуживания.

The service box regularly takes condition measurements. By monitoring key parameters over time, Remote Service can identify potential failures and when necessary notify both the end customer and the appropriate ABB engineer. The management and storage of full system backups is a very powerful service to help recover from critical situations caused, for example, by operator errors.

Сервисный блок регулярно выполняет диагностические измерения. Непрерывно контролируя ключевые параметры, Remote Service может распознать потенциальные опасности и, при необходимости, оповещать владельца оборудования и соответствующего специалиста АББ. Резервирование данных для возможного отката является мощным средством, обеспечивающим восстановление системы в критических ситуациях, например, после ошибки оператора.

The first Remote Service installation took place in the automotive industry in the United States and quickly proved its value. The motherboard in a robot cabinet overheated and the rise in temperature triggered an alarm via Remote Service. Because of the alarm, engineers were able to replace a faulty fan, preventing a costly production shutdown.

Первая система Remote Service была установлена на автозаводе в США и очень скоро была оценена по достоинству. Она обнаружила перегрев материнской платы в шкафу управления роботом и передала сигнал о превышении допустимой температуры, благодаря чему инженеры смогли заменить неисправный вентилятор и предотвратить дорогостоящую остановку производства.

MyRobot: 24-hour remote access

Having regular access to a robot’s condition data is also essential to achieving lean production. At any time, from any location, customers can verify their robots’ status and access maintenance information and performance reports simply by logging in to ABB’s MyRobot Web site. The service enables customers to easily compare performances, identify bottlenecks or developing issues, and initiate the most

Сайт MyRobot: круглосуточный дистанционный доступ
Для того чтобы обеспечить бесперебойное производство, необходимо иметь регулярный доступ к информации о состоянии робота. Зайдя на соответствующую страницу сайта MyRobot компании АББ, заказчики получат все необходимые данные, включая сведения о техническом обслуживании и отчеты о производительности своего робота. Эта услуга позволяет легко сравнивать данные о производительности, обнаруживать возможные проблемы, а также оптимизировать планирование технического обслуживания и модернизации. С помощью MyRobot можно значительно увеличить выпуск продукции и уменьшить количество выбросов.

Award-winning solution
In June 2008, the innovative Remote Service solution won the Gold Value Chain award at the M2M United Conference in Chicago. The value chain award honors successful corporate adopters of M2M (machine–to-machine) technology and highlights the process of combining multiple technologies to deliver high-quality services to customers. ABB won in the categoryof Smart Services.

Приз за удачное решение
В июне 2008 г. инновационное решение Remote Service получило награду Gold Value Chain (Золотая цепь) на конференции M2M United Conference в Чикаго. «Золотая цепь» присуждается за успешное масштабное внедрение технологии M2M (машина – машина), а также за достижения в объединении различных технологий для предоставления высококачественных услуг заказчикам. АББ одержала победу в номинации «Интеллектуальный сервис».

Case study: Tetley Tetley GB Ltd is the world’s second-largest manufacturer and distributor of tea. The company’s manufacturing and distribution business is spread across 40 countries and sells over 60 branded tea bags. Tetley’s UK tea production facility in Eaglescliffe, County Durham is the sole producer of Tetley tea bags 2.

Пример применения: Tetley Компания TetleyGB Ltd является вторым по величине мировым производителем и поставщиком чая. Производственные и торговые филиалы компании имеются в 40 странах, а продукция распространяется под 60 торговыми марками. Чаеразвесочная фабрика в Иглсклифф, графство Дарем, Великобритания – единственный производитель чая Tetley в пакетиках (рис. 2).

ABB offers a flexible choice of service agreements for both new and existing robot installations, which can help extend the mean time between failures, shorten the time to repair and lower the cost of automated production.

Предлагаемые АББ контракты на выполнение технического обслуживания как уже имеющихся, так и вновь устанавливаемых роботов, позволяют значительно увеличить среднюю наработку на отказ, сократить время ремонта и общую стоимость автоматизированного производства.

Robots in the plant’s production line were tripping alarms and delaying the whole production cycle. The spurious alarms resulted in much unnecessary downtime that was spent resetting the robots in the hope that another breakdown could be avoided. Each time an alarm was tripped, several hours of production time was lost. “It was for this reason that we were keen to try out ABB’s Remote Service agreement,” said Colin Trevor, plant maintenance manager.

Установленные в технологической линии роботы выдавали аварийные сигналы, задерживающие выполнение производственного цикла. Ложные срабатывания вынуждали перезапускать роботов в надежде предотвратить возможные отказы, в результате чего после каждого аварийного сигнала производство останавливалось на несколько часов. «Именно поэтому мы решили попробовать заключить с АББ контракт на дистанционное техническое обслуживание», – сказал Колин Тревор, начальник технической службы фабрики.

To prevent future disruptions caused by unplanned downtime, Tetley signed an ABB Response Package service agreement, which included installing a service box and system infrastructure into the robot control systems. Using the Remote Service solution, ABB remotely monitors and collects data on the “wear and tear” and productivity of the robotic cells; this data is then shared with the customer and contributes to smooth-running production cycles.

Для предотвращения ущерба в результате незапланированных простоев Tetley заключила с АББ контракт на комплексное обслуживание Response Package, согласно которому системы управления роботами были дооборудованы сервисными блоками с необходимой инфраструктурой. С помощью Remote Service компания АББ дистанционно собирает данные о наработке, износе и производительности роботизированных модулей. Эти данные предоставляются заказчику для оптимизации загрузки производственного оборудования.

Higher production uptime
Since the implementation of Remote Service, Tetley has enjoyed greatly reduced robot downtime, with no further disruptions caused by unforeseen problems. “The Remote Service package has dramatically changed the plant,” said Trevor. “We no longer have breakdown issues throughout the shift, helping us to achieve much longer periods of robot uptime. As we have learned, world-class manufacturing facilities need world-class support packages. Remote monitoring of our robots helps us to maintain machine uptime, prevent costly downtime and ensures my employees can be put to more valuable use.”

Увеличение полезного времени
С момента внедрения Remote Service компания Tetley была приятно удивлена резким сокращением простоя роботов и отсутствием незапланированных остановок производства. «Пакет Remote Service резко изменил ситуацию на предприятии», – сказал Тревор. «Мы избавились от простоев роботов и смогли резко увеличить их эксплуатационную готовность. Мы поняли, что для производственного оборудования мирового класса необходим сервисный пакет мирового класса. Дистанционный контроль роботов помогает нам поддерживать их в рабочем состоянии, предотвращать дорогостоящие простои и задействовать наш персонал для выполнения более важных задач».

Service access
Remote Service is available worldwide, connecting more than 500 robots. Companies that have up to 30 robots are often good candidates for the Remote Service offering, as they usually have neither the engineers nor the requisite skills to deal with robotics faults themselves. Larger companies are also enthusiastic about Remote Service, as the proactive services will improve the lifetime of their equipment and increase overall production uptime.

Доступность сервиса
Сеть Remote Service охватывает более 700 роботов по всему миру. Потенциальными заказчиками Remote Service являются компании, имеющие до 30 роботов, но не имеющие инженеров и техников, способных самостоятельно устранять их неисправности. Интерес к Remote Service проявляют и более крупные компании, поскольку они заинтересованы в увеличении срока службы и эксплуатационной готовности производственного оборудования.

In today’s competitive environment, business profitability often relies on demanding production schedules that do not always leave time for exhaustive or repeated equipment health checks. ABB’s Remote Service agreements are designed to monitor its customers’ robots to identify when problems are likely to occur and ensure that help is dispatched before the problem can escalate. In over 60 percent of ABB’s service calls, its robots can be brought back online remotely, without further intervention.

В условиях современной конкуренции окупаемость бизнеса часто зависит от соблюдения жестких графиков производства, не оставляющих времени для полномасштабных или периодических проверок исправности оборудования. Контракт Remote Service предусматривает мониторинг состояния роботов заказчика для прогнозирования возможных неисправностей и принятие мер по их предотвращению. В более чем 60 % случаев для устранения неисправности достаточно дистанционной консультации в сервисной службе АББ, дальнейшего вмешательства не требуется.

ABB offers a flexible choice of service agreements for both new and existing robot installations, which helps extend the mean time between failures, shorten the time to repair and lower the total cost of ownership. With four new packages available – Support, Response, Maintenance and Warranty, each backed up by ABB’s Remote Service technology – businesses can minimize the impact of unplanned downtime and achieve improved production-line efficiency.

Компания АББ предлагает гибкий выбор контрактов на выполнение технического обслуживания как уже имеющихся, так и вновь устанавливаемых роботов, которые позволяют значительно увеличить среднюю наработку на отказ, сократить время ремонта и эксплуатационные расходы. Четыре новых пакета на основе технологии Remote Service – Support, Response, Maintenance и Warranty – позволяют минимизировать внеплановые простои и значительно повысить эффективность производства.

The benefits of Remote Sevice are clear: improved availability, fewer service visits, lower maintenance costs and maximized total cost of ownership. This unique service sets ABB apart from its competitors and is the beginning of a revolution in service thinking. It provides ABB with a great opportunity to improve customer access to its expertise and develop more advanced services worldwide.

Преимущества дистанционного технического обслуживания очевидны: повышенная надежность, уменьшение выездов ремонтных бригад, уменьшение затрат на обслуживание и общих эксплуатационных расходов. Эта уникальная услуга дает компании АББ преимущества над конкурентами и демонстрирует революционный подход к организации сервиса. Благодаря ей компания АББ расширяет доступ заказчиков к опыту своих специалистов и получает возможность более эффективного оказания технической помощи по всему миру.

Тематики

тех. обсл. и ремонт средств электросвязи

Обобщающие термины

виды технического обслуживания и ремонта

EN

remote maintenance
remote sevice

Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > remote sevice
20 TM

1) Компьютерная техника: Technical Machine, Template Manager, Text Memory, Translation Memory

2) Авиация: Trend Monitoring

3) Медицина: барабанная перепонка ( tympanic membrane)

4) Американизм: Technical Memo

5) Спорт: Tournament Mission

6) Военный термин: Landsat Thematic Mapper, Target Material, Task Message, Team Materials, Technical Memos, Theater Missile, Threat Manager, Town Major, tactical missile, tactical monitor, target management, target marker, target marking, target missile, team member, technical manager, technical memorandum, temporary mission, test manager, test manual, traffic manager, traffic model, trailer-mounted, training management, training manual, training memorandum, training mission, trench mortar

7) Техника: Thread Mount, telemetering, telemetry, temperature, mean, temporary memory, test mode, time meter, time monitor, time multiplexing, tons per minute, top margin, transmitting mirror, transverse-magnetized, true motion radar, tuning meter

8) Химия: Titanium Metallic, Transition Metal

9) Математика: Threshold Method, машина Тьюринга (Turing machine)

10) Железнодорожный термин: Texas Mexican Railway Company

11) Биржевой термин: Trading Member

12) Грубое выражение: Tiny Manhood

13) Телекоммуникации: Terminal Multiplexer

14) Сокращение: Technical Maintenance / Manual, Telemetry, Terrain Masking, The X Window System, Theatre Missile, Thematic Mapper, Time, Transverse Magnetic, Turkmenistan, takeoff mass, team, technician-mechanic, telemetering, temperature meter, tone modulation, trademark, transcendental meditation, Turing Machine, ton-miles, многоадресная телеграмма (multiple telegram)

15) Текстиль: Thin Model

16) Физика: Translation Modified

17) Физиология: Temperature by mouth, Tympanic Membrane

18) Электроника: Transport Module, Tri Mode, Ttl Master

19) Вычислительная техника: Traffic Management, tape mark, tape module, transverse magnetized, TeleMail (BBS, Berlin, DFUE), Terminal Manager (Bull, DSA), Tools for MIME (EMACS, GNU, MIME), Transaction Monitor (TP)

20) Литература: Toastmaster

21) Нефть: time modulation

22) Космонавтика: technology demonstration mission, ТМ

23) Картография: transverse Mercator (projection)

24) Транспорт: To The MaxiMUM, Transportation Mobility

25) Фирменный знак: Treasured Memories

26) СМИ: Tall Mike, Temporal Morphologies

27) Деловая лексика: Technology Migration, Time Management

28) Бурение: тонно-мили (ton-miles), фирменный знак (trade mark)

29) Менеджмент: Team Management

30) Образование: Teaching Machine

31) Сетевые технологии: transaction manager, администратор транзакций

32) Полимеры: technical manual, tetramethylthiurammonosulphide, throughput maximization, trade-mark, transfer molding, twist multiple

33) Автоматика: tool monitor, tracer machining, truing motor

34) Контроль качества: test model, trial modification

35) Пластмассы: Transfer Molded

36) Сахалин Ю: medium pressure condensate

37) Химическое оружие: Task Manager, Army Technical Manual (US)

38) Макаров: переходный металл

39) Золотодобыча: thematic maper

40) Расширение файла: EOSAT Landsat Thematic Mapper data file

41) Нефть и газ: estimated equivalent first-order lag constant

42) Электротехника: temperature monitor

43) Фантастика Time Machine

44) Имена и фамилии: Ted Mcrae, Tequila Mockingbird, Thomas Merton, Tin Man, Troy Montero

45) Молекулярная биология: transmembrane

46) Должность: Task Master, Time Missed, Trail Master, Typing Moms

47) Чат: Thanks Much, Thoroughly Mesmerizing, Trust Me, Turd Monster

48) NYSE. Toyota Motor Corporation

49) НАСА: Test Mobile

50) Программное обеспечение: Tools For Mime

51) Единицы измерений: Ten Minute

52) СМС: Too Much

53) Международная торговля: Trade Mission

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > TM

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